A spinal cord injury changes life in an instant. These unfortunate events can result from a car accident, a fall, or another preventable event. No matter how it happens, the physical and emotional toll can be devastating for the person injured and their entire family.
No two spinal cord injuries are exactly the same. They range in severity from temporary loss of movement to permanent paralysis. What are the different severities of spinal cord injuries? We’ll look at what that could mean for you.
Knowing where your injury falls on that spectrum can help you better understand your medical prognosis and legal rights.
Complete vs. Incomplete Injuries
One of the first things doctors assess after a spinal cord injury is whether the damage is complete or incomplete.
A complete spinal cord injury means there is no feeling or movement below the point of injury. In these cases, the brain can no longer communicate with the body past the damaged section of the spinal cord.
This is the most severe form of injury. Often, it results in permanent paralysis.
An incomplete spinal cord injury means that some nerve signals can function. People with incomplete injuries may retain movement or sensation below the injury site. With the right care, physical therapy, and support, there may be a chance for recovery.
Does Injury Location Affect Severity?
Along with whether the injury is complete or incomplete, spinal cord damage is also classified by where it occurs on the spine:
Cervical Spine
Injuries here (C1–C8) are often the most debilitating. They can lead to tetraplegia. This is the loss of movement and sensation in both the arms and legs. High cervical injuries may also impair the ability to breathe without a ventilator.
Thoracic Spine
Damage in this area (T1–T12) results in paraplegia. This affects the trunk and legs, sparing the arms and hands. These injuries can still involve serious complications, including loss of bowel and bladder control.
Lumbar and Sacral Spine
Injuries in this area (L1–S5) affect the hips, legs, and pelvic organs. Many people with lower-level injuries may retain some ability to walk, often with assistance.
What Is the ASIA Scale?
In cases of spinal injuries, doctors will use a standard grading system called the ASIA Impairment Scale. This can classify spinal cord injuries:
- ASIA A: Complete injury. There is no motor or sensory function below the injury
- ASIA B–D: Incomplete injuries. There is some function remaining, with varying degrees of muscle strength and sensory ability
- ASIA E: Normal function
While this scale is useful for doctors, it may not capture your daily challenges. If you are thinking about pursuing legal action, your attorney may also work with medical experts, life care planners, and vocational consultants to paint a full picture of your needs and future losses.
Victims Have to Live with the Consequences
Unfortunately, spinal cord injuries lead to long-term complications that go beyond visible issues. Many times, victims will struggle with:
- Chronic pain
- Muscle spasms or weakness
- Bladder and bowel dysfunction
- Respiratory issues
- Pressure sores due to limited mobility
- Emotional trauma and depression
These challenges can make daily life harder and result in substantial expenses.
If someone was responsible for your injuries, you might want to take legal action. This is not just about covering the cost of hospital bills; it can ensure that you have the resources to live with dignity, security, and the support you deserve for the rest of your life.
Does Severity Matter in a Legal Case?
If someone else’s negligence caused your spinal cord injury, whether a reckless driver, a careless employer, or an unsafe property owner, you may have the right to pursue compensation. The severity of your injury directly impacts the value of your case.
More severe injuries involve:
- Longer hospital stays
- Lifelong care needs
- Lost earning capacity
- Pain and suffering
- Mental health treatment
- Home modifications and mobility aids
An experienced personal injury attorney can help quantify those needs and fight for a settlement or verdict that reflects what you have lost and what is needed to move forward.
Look Towards the Future
Living with a spinal cord injury is hard enough. And when you want to take legal action, that is another burden on your shoulders.
If you’re uncertain about what your injury means or what your options are, GDH Law can help.
Whether your injury is classified as mild or catastrophic, you have rights and may be entitled to financial recovery that can help rebuild your life.
